شگفتی علمی برتر یک قرن گذشته از نگاه مجله ساینس نیوز
نقض پاریته
در قرن بیستم، فیزیکدانان اهمیت تقارنهای ریاضی را در قوانین طبیعت اثبات کردند. درحالیکه تغییرات گوناگونی در جهان فیزیکی رخ میدهد، معادلات توصیفکنندهی آنها یکسان است
بنابراین، بدیهی بهنظر میرسید که مشاهده جهان در آینه (جابهجایی راست و چپ) نباید تأثیری روی دقت این معادلات داشته باشد. هرمان ویل، ریاضیدان برجستهای که در سال ۱۹۵۵ از دنیا رفت، جسورانه گفت: «بدون تردید، تمامی قوانین طبیعت نسبت به جابهجایی راست با چپ، نامتغیر و ثابت هستند»
اما در سال ۱۹۵۶، تسونگ-دائو لی و چن نینگ یانگ مقالهای نظری منتشر کردند که خلاف این موضوع را پیشنهاد میکرد و تقریبا بلافاصله، دو تیم آزمایشگر نشان دادند طبیعت بین راست و چپ تمایز قائل میشود (در اصطلاح تخصصی نقض پاریته).
واپاشی بتا رادیواکتیو اتمهای کبالت و واپاشی ذرات ناپایداری به نام میونها، هر دو نابرابری چپ-راست را در جهت حرکت ذرات بتای ساطعشده نشان میدادند.
این شگفتی بزرگی بود. این اکتشاف در نسخه پیشین ساینس نیوز یعنی ساینس نیوز لتر باعنوان «قوانین جدید ماده اتمی» منتشر شد و نتایج «انقلابی در فیزیک نظری» خوانده شد.
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